Inner grow.
If ours inters is the inner culture, we must consider that the seeds that come from outside plants, although are of good quality needed one adaptacin to artificial means and this podra to take generations of selected seeds to obtain good results. This takes it doing in Holland with many means and during aos. At the present time they count on an ample catlogo of seeds of quality assured for all type of cultures. In the inner culture the gentica stays if the favorable conditions are created ms and cruzarn the plants that better adapt to the microclimate created under the artificial light.
This demonstrated that the gentica of a seed is the important factor ms so that the end item is of quality. A bad seed in the best conditions can give to a great plant but without resin nor scent. The seeds must have `` pedigr "or lineage.
The plant has two phases in its life, the vegetative growth and formacin of flowers, thing that happens when the plant perceives that duracin of perodo of solar light is used excessive respect, that is to say, that approaches otoo. When it gives begins to be ms short that the night, the plant to enter period of floracin is as is tamao that has reached.
In interiors, it has been discovered that floracin can be forced manipulating the time of exposicin to the artificial light, when the plant has the height that is desired. Under these conditions the mother nature you are t.
Aqu you have informacin on a system already proven of self-supplying, in that they are possible to be gathered of three to five harvests to ao, depending on the complexity of the system.
Ms is simple much to adapt a seed of interior to outside that to the inverse one.
The light of the sun has many ultra-violet rayses that burned to a plant swelling under artificial light, if is put under it this change of abrupt form.
If on the contrary this change is made aclimatacin gradually be perfect. It agrees to improvise a pequeo conservatory with plstico or similar until they can support the direct light. Many planters of outside begin plantacin in interiors. There are seeds apt as much for interior as for conservatory.
To adapt a plant of outside to interior is not worth the trouble. Pedigr are seeds of ` "apt for balconies with good results. The problem of the outer culture is that although great plants are cultivated, these estn exposed during months to the climate and the plagues, and single is a harvest by a?
Iluminación of the marijuana
During many aos the fluorescent ones for the growth of plants without sun have been used. Despus was used lmparas of steam of mercury, although without great improvements. From aparicin of lmparas of discharge presin: those of sodium steam (HPS) and those of halogenuros metlicos(MH), that usually is used in the pblico lighting system (freeways, parks, stages, etc.), dems have remained old fashioned, although the fluorescent ones can be continued using (they are idneos for certain phases of the process).
The incandescent lights and the halgenas, are not of ours inters. They do not give the suitable phantom and if much heat and consumption.
Those of type MH, they are ideal for vegetative growth and they are apt for germinacin and clonacin (esquejes). They give a generally white light, existing diverse tones.
Those of type HPS, they are ideal for floracin and apt for growth. Usually they give a light of orange color, although already new tonalities have been obtained, even white sodium.
Fluorescent of the type cool white (color 33) and those of the type gro-luxe, are ideal for clonacin and germinacin.
If remedy is no ms, with nobody lmpara of discharge presin or even with a good assembly of fluorescent, can be made all the cycle. The powers of stas lmparas (HP) are of 150, 250, 400 and 1000 W. The differences of price between one of smaller power and another one of greater, are mnimas, however the results are very different. They are not recommendable 250 powers smaller to W.
Lmparas of discharge presin takes very heavy ballasts and must be or subject with chains or pulleys. The ballasts separate, and slo can be mounted to hold to the screen and the light bulb to a pulley, since the light to have to be raising as the plants grow. Lmpara of these caractersticas is essential to consult with a specialist to know how to install one well, if knowledge are not had on electricity. This warning agrees, but by the danger that entraa one instalacin badly done, that by the complexity of the assembly that is not so.
In order to obtain a yield similar to a HP with fluorescent, to require a quite heavy assembly and of difcil handling. We have to think that watio of one light lmpara of discharge presin gives ms light that watio of fluorescent light.
There are supports with circular or lateral movement where one or several settles lmparas, managing to double the criminal of plantacin, although they are expensive.
Lmparas MH, the inclinations require to work in horizontal altering their yield, serious advisable to use a work level. Some models work in vertical, but with smaller yield.
Recommended lights:
Sodium light bulb SON-T LAND 400 W of PHILIPS, ideal for growth and floracin.
400 sodium light bulb SON-T W of PHILIPS, ideal for floraci.
These two light bulbs, can go mounted in kit with ideal screen and balastros for a criminal of 180x60 cm (SGR 200 of PHILIPS)
Light bulb of 400 metlicos halogenuros HPI-T W, with kit (support + screen + balastros) mgr 300 of PHILIPS.
About case of using fluorescent that they are not previously recommended, we must think that blue or the fros ones are ms apt for growth and the red ones or clidos are for floracin.
In the system that ms ahead to explain itself, iluminarn two criminals of 180x60 cm. One of growth, illuminated with a 400 HPI of W. with a assembly of four fluorescent of 120 cm and two round ones of 30 cm for the lateral ones. And the other criminal, illuminated with a HPS 400 type SON-T of W.
The distances recommended from the light to the ends of the plants depend on the type and the power of lmpara: using fluorescent the distance mantendr between 5 and 15 cm. The distance for a 400 HPS of W. mantendr between 50 and 60 cm.
Some species hold less distance, but if the superior leaves bend upwards, it is that, estn too much near the light.
The lumnicas necessities of the marijuana, segn Rosenthal, are of between 1000 and 3000 lumens by square foot to the recommended distance.
Average of culture
The culture means are what comnmente we come to call earth. From the Earth that can be taken advantage of an old flowerpot until ms sophisticated used inorgnica mixture in hidropnicos cultures in which the food is provided of form measured in the water travs of ingenious systems of automated irrigation is a long way. In a first system querr not to be used something so complicated, but either something of so few garantas. Everything what is used must be sterilized and originating old territories of the outside are not due to use, because they can have plagues, (can be boiled the Earth although he is very arduous). The mixtures for interior plants that sell packed usually are sterilized. (It must indicate it).
The ideal is to be made the one own mixture separately buying the materials. Podramos to define three bsicas caractersticas of the materials to use in a mixture:
1.NUTRIENTE, that contributes the elements that the plant needs for its development.
2.RETENTOR OF WATER, that allows that the water is absorbed or to adheres to its surface
3.AIREADOR DRENADOR, that allows that the water drains with facility and avoids that the mixture is very compact.
The average ideal estara composed of a mixture that combined the three elements well.
In hidropnicos cultures the used mixtures are totally inorgnicas and lack nutrients (they are provided by the water).
In traditional cultures orgnicos materials without sterilizing are used. Aqu semiorgnicas mixtures but all with sterilized materials set out nicamente, because we thought that cmodo is ms if it does not want one to introduce itself in the world of the hidropnicos cultures, which is very interesting.
Orgnicos materials:
Vegetal substratum: `` prepared earth "for plants of interior with vegetal matter in descomposicin. It has much food and tambin retains much water, because they aaden to him retentores of humidity. In case single it does not have good aireacin nor drainage, but it is a good nutrient to aadir to the mixture.
Crowd of spagnum: excellent nutrient and retentor. The mayora of crowds that commercialize themselves, they are of spagnum, and is one of the components of the prepared ones for plants before mentioned.
Humus of lombriz: tambin known like `` vigorhumus ", is literally product of lombrices of earth. It is a great nutrient and a idneo element for a mixture. It does not retain the humidity with facility. Applying a work of humus over the mixture it maintains the surface dry, because when watering fleet and returns to settle to the absorbed being the water. Sterilized Est.
Orgnicos installments: estn composed of orgnica matter of origin animal (estircol) vegetal in descomposicin. There are several types, `` to steer manure ", `` compost", etc. They are excellent nutrients but usually they are not sterilized (they can take eggs of insects, esporas or seeds of bad grass).
Heavy sand: of that it is used in jardinera, for aquariums, or even of which it is used in construccin, although it must be washed. It has the same caractersticas that the vermiculita but with greater drainage and much ms weight.
Porespn: He is hidrofbico reason why it drains and it airs wonderfully. It is possible to be used in small balls in pequeos trocitos. By his great lightness it is a good component, even like drainage bottom.
Foam: cut in pequeos trocitos of approximately 1 cm3. It is possible to be aadir to the mixtures because it increblemente retains the water simultaneously that airs. It does not drain and she is very light. It does not agree that it excels by the surface because can rust. He is advisable that is sinttica then some foam (sponges) rot.
Rock wool (rockwool): tambin is an insulating thermus-acstico. It is fiber glass of yellow color. It is used as average nico in hidropnicos and usually it does not comprise of the mixtures. It retains the water and it allows good aireacin what causes that is good means of germinacin. Rockwool tends to basificar the water reason why he is advisable to water with a low PH to balance and to aadir to the water the food. It is very prctico means if it is used with knowledge, and sera a first passage in the culture of plants without earth. It must be handled dunked and he is recycleable. It is used in blocks or crumbled and containers. `` Rockwool Gardening "of V. Patten exists the book, and tambin can be obtained one informacin ms applied to our average culture and that speaks of ms in the book `` Marijuana hidroponics" of D. Storm.
The propose mixtures to continuacin take between a 40-50% of orgnica matter and 50-60% of inorgnica, avoiding to have to pay in the first weeks. The inorgnicos materials are reciclables, and even the mixtures if the free from races and them aade new orgnica matter.
3 PARTS OF (humus of lombriz, disturb and/or substrato)a to choose or to combine.
2 PARTS OF (pearlite, arlita, wash and/or porespan)
1 PART OF (vermiculita, sponge sand and/or pieces) Are very advisable to aadir a dust cup of dolomita (carbonate of calcium and magnesium) by each 10 liters of mixture, aid to stabilize the PH and contribute magnesium of slow form, thing that agrees for the development of the plant. If it is not had dolomita, magnesium salts can be aadir.
Other mixtures podran to be: disturb-pearlite or disturbs-arlita to 50%, podra to be used humus instead of crowd or to combine the four to equal parts. All mixture really must fulfill the qualities before mentioned slightly, varindolas in funcin of the regular who is wanted to water or of tamao of the containers.
Containers
We have to think that in the nature the plants do not have limits the growth of his races. In interiors we must cultivate in containers, which to limit the growth of the same ones. Podramos to establish mnimo cubicaje of the containers to be able with no need to support all the cycle of transplants, traumatiza thing that to the plant and extends the process.
We can say that mnimo contained of a flowerpot must be of 6 liters, and if we used flowerpots of ms of 12 liters us quitarn space to be able to cultivate the ideal nmero of plants in the criminal available. Within these lmites we will use the containers of greater possible content, which to give a greater harvest. The great containers ms darn the best plants, if we planted two clones of a same plant different mother in two containers of tamao and we such give cares them, the one that grow in the greater one of the containers to be much ms developed and with great cogollos ms. Flowerpots of between 25 and 35 cm. of dimetro or side and similar height us irn well for our propsitos.
It agrees to handle light materials to us, because the plants are due to turn on if same peridicamente obtaining a growth even uniforms and to change them of place. Therefore the containers of plstico irn better than the old mud flowerpots. Also, each plant needs a container individual(min. 6 l.s x plant), reason why the jardineras not us sern very prcticas.
The flowerpots must be in a bucket comn, type of which they are used for the fotogrfico revealed one, or of jardinera, or made with heavy rubber. Tambin inflatable swimming pools for nios are used. The bucket allows that the plant can soon reuse the water that drains by the holes of the base of the flowerpot, if this is comn to all the plants, the water that him on a one can need it another one. If you do not have anything ms it uses individual plates, or pequeas buckets ms that several plants fit. He is advisable that the mixture (earth) does not touch to the water directly that is deposited in the bucket, reason why a bottom of drainage in the base of the flowerpot is due to put before introducing the mixture. The drainage to avoid this contact and to avoid to lose means. There are systems in which the flowerpots are elevated centmetros by means of supports over the water level, this is sucked to travs of prudent thicknesses of nylon which they are introduced in means by the drainage holes, (always agrees to leave algn free hole). This system to allow to leave to water in the bucket and the plants their necessities suck segn, which allows to water with less assiduity. If the light arrives at the water suspended in the bucket formarn seaweed nonwished, evtalo covering the hollows that are between the containers. This system of `` lards "is similar to used in the flowerpots the car-irrigation of sale in `` garden to center", with the difference that the depsito (bucket), is comn, however this type of flowerpots, although a control can give to an excellent result requerirn ms individualized.
The wick can be introduced by the holes of the base of the flowerpot whenever it is left some free one, or new holes for such aim near the base can be practiced.
The means are due to dampen thanks to succin of the wick, if after awhile the water it does not arrive at the surface, means that succin is not sufficient, reason why the wick to have to arrive ms above or ms makes lack wicks, or the means are not sufficiently porous to use it with this system. In case that nonadvisable demasiado(cosa gets wet because the plants must pass periods dry), or exceeds wicks, or arrives very above or the means do not have sufficient capacity of drainage. The difcil is to find the point between the porosity of means and the amount of wick, but once found cmodo is a system very. Although a support is used and the means do not touch the water directly is advisable to put a little means of drainage at heart of the container to avoid that `` escapes earth "by the free holes. If the drainage base is very great they podran to directly support the flowerpots in the bucket with no need of supports, and even with no need of wicks if the means are the sufficiently porous thing, because races penetrated in this drainage and sucked the water directly obtaining similar results to the system with supports. The advisable wicks sern if a less frequent irrigation is desired. The thickness of the drainage to determine the level mximo of water
The wick can be introduced by the holes of the base of the flowerpot whenever it is left some free one, or new holes for such aim near the base can be practiced.
The means are due to dampen thanks to succin of the wick, if after awhile the water it does not arrive at the surface, means that succin is not sufficient, reason why the wick to have to arrive ms above or ms makes lack wicks, or the means are not sufficiently porous to use it with this system. In case that nonadvisable demasiado(cosa gets wet because the plants must pass periods dry), or exceeds wicks, or arrives very above or the means do not have sufficient capacity of drainage. The difcil is to find the point between the porosity of means and the amount of wick, but once found cmodo is a system very. Although a support is used and the means do not touch the water directly is advisable to put a little means of drainage at heart of the container to avoid that `` escapes earth "by the free holes. If the drainage base is very great they podran to directly support the flowerpots in the bucket with no need of supports, and even with no need of wicks if the means are the sufficiently porous thing, because races penetrated in this drainage and sucked the water directly obtaining similar results to the system with supports. The advisable wicks sern if a less frequent irrigation is desired. The thickness of the drainage to determine the level mximo of water
Environmental conditions
It is important to know the conditions climatolgicas that we want to create at the time of choosing ubicacin idnea for the assembly. The cannabis plants are able to support temperatures of between 10 and 40 centgrados degrees, detenindose the growth in said lmites. The temperature to have to stay between 17 and 30 degrees being 24 degrees the idnea. Lgicamente the temperature descends during the dark period. With very high temperatures the plants spend much of his energa in dissipating the heat and the very low temperatures can get to kill them. The marijuana is able to absorb a anhdrido amount of carbnico(CO2)del air, in one concentracin much greater to the one than it is in the atmsfera. The air contains a 0,003% of CO2 and the plants almost experience an increase of the growth of the double one under CO2 concentrations of the 0.015%. Systems exist on sale to increase the level of CO2 in the assembly.
There is a book on the subject applied to this type of cultures: (CO2, Temperature and Humidity "by D. Gold.). Applying these tcnicas the process is used excessive respect and produccin is obtained greater, although supervisin must be regulated then to the being ms very well rpido the growth needs one ms continued.
Although the CO2 is colorless, odorless and he is not inflammable, can be dangerous to exceed lmites established. In any case a great result of so much can be obtained with no need sofisticacin. The simple fresh air contribution of the exterior(filtrado one, by supuesto)nos to contribute necessary CO2.
The air must be moved by means of a ventilator in the interior of the system, to assure that the fresh air arrives at all jardn. The system to need a air intake, that can come from the outside by means of succin and leaked, or same stay where the assembly settles if this sufficiently ample and is ventilated. To be necessary an exit of this air by means of an extractor to the outside, or a second assembly and of this other to the outside.
Summarizing, an entrance filtered needs with or without extractor, an exit with extractor and a ventilator in the superior part of the interior of the assembly so that this air circulates, agree that the plants move slightly. The ventilators funcionarn when the light works, although can be programmed by means of timers. Of course ace we will not increase the percentage of CO2 in the system, but we will avoid that it descends. The gas stoves and heaters increase concentracin of CO2 in the atmosphere, although they can cause problems with the temperatura(debemos to think that lmparas darn heat). The visits to jardn sern thanked for by the plants then ours respiracin to increase the level of anhdrido carbnico of the atmosphere.
The plants give off scent, coverall in certain phases of the process. If this could be a problem, the use of ionizadores of air is advised. The humidity of the atmosphere agrees to maintain it between the 40 and 60%, the use of termometro-higrometro with mximas and mnimas of give serious advisable.
The measures of the system depend partly on the power of the light, although we have to think that the plants approximately medirn a meter of stop, ms the height of the flowerpot, ms the distance between the light and the plants and the thickness of the light with the chains and anchorage, necessary being a height of by the minuses two meters. If it is not had as much height are possible to be forced the plants to floracin before and in greater nmero harvesting ace one legin of `` bonsis "or to double ends.
The criminal aqu recommended is of 180x60, approximately 1 square meter. If two simultneos assemblies, one of growth and another one of floracin become, to require greater height this ltimo. It is necessary that the assemblies are watertight to the light, coverall in the phase of floracin, where it interests that during `` night ", the dark is total. Also it is advised that these walls are refractantes in their interior, and that the done material of which estn collaborates to create the ideal climticas conditions. If our problem is fro walls covered of the temperature porexpan us simultaneously conservarn that refractarn the light. And if our problem is of excess of temperature, metal plates can be used. A stone wall simply to paint itself of target, the white color is a great refractante.
Podramos to say that to the serious ideal site a stano one because usually they have a similar climate throughout ao, but can be installed in nobody habitacin, closet, attic, etc. It is better than est moved away of gardens or any type of vegetacin because it can bring very problemticas plagues to us. The cleaning of hands and change of clothes not est of ms if one has worked in an orchard or jardn, or if one comes from the field. Also he is not advisable to introduce in the assembly originating plants of the outside or other sum.
Procedure
In interiors, the plants are put under rgimen of light of mnimo of 18 hours during the period of growth, although some cultivators maintain that during this phase the plants do not need rest, while they have sufficient water contribution and light, reason why put under them rgimen continuous of 24 hours of light. The difference between both regmenes is based in duracin of the phase of growth (hours of light = growth). If reason is necessary by algn to have the lights extinguished in algn moment of gives, he is better to give 18 hours them of light, never less. If there is no ningn inconvenient is better to use the system of rgimen continuous (24 hours of light), lmparas thanks for it, because the successive ignitions and extinguished shorten the life to them. (he is advisable waited for one half an hour if lmpara of discharge is wanted to return to ignite one presin after a dull one or one desconexin). They rgimen chosen to be constant.
We can cause floracin when we wish it, with the simple procedure to shorten the diurnal period to 12 hours. The 12 hours at night forzarn to the plant to bloom, is important that the dark is total, polucin of light at those moments can avoid that the cogollos are developed correctly. (the use of timers is forced because the periods must be exact)
Since the lights do not penetrate with the wished power much ms of 60-80 cm from the safe distance, it does not agree to let grow much the plants vegetative, because during floracin they can arrive to double his tamao and to exceed the measures that we wished. (the marijuana in the nature usually measures between 1'5 and 3 meters segn species).
Somehow we are creating `` bonsais "of marijuana to size. The recommended heights to initiate the process of floracin (12 hours da/12 hours night), we will limit them between mnimo of or of 20 cm. and mximo of 38 cm. Segn the height of our system and the power of lmparas we will look for the ideal height between this lmites for our necessities. If we cultivated different species it can that they require to be taken to floracin to different heights. Medirn between 60 cm. and 1 meter does not agree much that the plants exceed the meter and means, upon the maturity. If some goes off him it can double to the end with a wire or a thread.
Direccin of the growth of a plant can be dominated voluntarily. The end contains an inhibitor that avoids that the lateral branches surpass the height of the end, est to give cogollo ms great and powerful. With the simple fact to cut or to double the end, that inhibitor is neutralized and the lateral branches struggle being ms high, with which the plant grows ms wide and graft, ms is recommended to almost double the plant from half, before to cut it. The plants that grow tall irn being placed in the lateral ones of the system so that they do not make shade to other but low ones.
Mtodo used to be the well-known like `` sinsemilla "or `` sensi", (American word that comes from our language). With said mtodo we will be able to collect great resinous and free cogollos of seeds. (if they are desired they can produce in few amounts segn vendr explained)
The marijuana has two sexes and sometimes they appear hermafroditas plants. Greater concentracin of THC is in the cogollos that form the plants females. The males hardly if they contain this substance reason why do not interest their culture (if one is cultivated exceptionally is by the necessity to produce seeds). The hermafroditas in principle either sern of ours inters. (to see hermafroditismo). The males produce polen (whom appreciable THC does not contain), that insemina the flowers of the females forming seeds, if the female is totally polinizada lets form flowers to develop the seeds with which the pequeos and stuffed cogollos sern but of multitude of seeds.
On the contrary if we separated the males from the system at the beginning of floracin, the females develop great floral submissions (cogollos)en an attempt to catch the nonexistent one polen, in the end they end up maturing `` vrgenes "and giving a harvest of sinsemilla authenticates ``" that against which some create, is a culture system, not a type of marijuana. The first step to be to obtain that the seed germinates thing not always fcil.
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